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条款 · 信托利冲管理

Trustee + Protector + Related Party 利益冲突披露条款:信托三角关系的利冲管理

一句话定义:信托利益冲突披露条款是 settlement deed 里规定 trustee(含其董事 / 员工 / 关联机构)、protector(含其家族关系 / 商业利益)、related party(family office / 家族企业 / 受益人配偶等)在涉及利益冲突时的披露义务清单、informed consent 取得程序、季度持续披露与重大事件即时披露的程序设计 · 涵盖 self-dealing / fair dealing / family business / inter-trustee 四大类场景。

适用场景:trustee 关联机构(同集团下的私人银行 / 资管 / 保险)向信托销售产品 · protector 同时是家族企业董事或家族 family office 高管 · 信托底层投资基金的管理人是 settlor 子女 · trustee 拟将信托资产出售给信托另一笔信托或关联结构 · 家族 family office 既服务多个信托又是关联交易方。

关键风险:trustee 关联产品销售未充分披露受益人事后起诉 · self-dealing 未取得 informed consent 整笔交易被法庭撤销并 disgorgement · 家族 family office 多重身份未隔离触发整体 sham 推定 · 跨境监管(CIMA / FCA / SEC)多重申报漏报 · related party 估值不独立引发受益人争议。

1. 条款是什么 / 不是什么

不是

2. 法律源

英联邦法系

美国法

香港 / Singapore

中国大陆

真实判例:Boardman v Phipps(UK 1967)—— 即使 trustee 善意获利仍需 disgorge。Pitt v Holt(UK 2013)—— trustee mistake 与 conflict 决策的撤销标准。Spread Trustee Co Ltd v Hutcheson(Privy Council 2011)—— 利冲条款扩张性解释。Bristol & West Building Society v Mothew [1998] Ch 1 —— fiduciary 与利冲交叉。In re Steeden's Family Trust(Jersey 2014)—— protector 利冲披露失败案例。

3. 实操用法(怎么写 · 怎么不写)

稳健写法(settlement deed 第 17 条样例 · 4 类利冲 + 披露门槛 + consent 程序 + 持续披露 + 违规后果):

"Clause 17 Conflict of Interest and Related Party Disclosure
(a) Categories of Conflict: For purposes of this Deed, "Conflict of Interest" means any actual or potential conflict involving: (i) Self-Dealing — the Trustee (or its directors, employees, affiliates) entering into transactions with the Trust; (ii) Fair Dealing — the Trustee entering into transactions with a Beneficiary; (iii) Family Business — the Protector, a Related Party, or any Family Member having a material economic or governance interest in any entity transacting with the Trust; (iv) Inter-Trustee — the same Trustee or its affiliates managing another trust or fund transacting with this Trust.
(b) Affirmative Disclosure Duty: The Trustee, Protector, and any Related Party shall affirmatively disclose to the other Trust governance parties any actual, potential, or perceived Conflict of Interest as soon as reasonably practicable upon becoming aware of it, regardless of materiality threshold, save that purely administrative matters under USD 5,000 may be disclosed in the next quarterly conflict report.
(c) Informed Consent Procedure: No transaction giving rise to a Conflict of Interest shall be entered into unless: (i) the nature of the conflict, the parties involved, and the financial terms have been disclosed in writing to all Trust governance parties; (ii) an independent third-party valuation has been obtained for any non-publicly-traded asset or non-arm's length transaction; (iii) written consent has been obtained from the Protector (if the Conflict involves the Trustee) or from an independent ad hoc Protector / Court (if the Conflict involves both Trustee and Protector); (iv) all adult Primary Beneficiaries have been notified at least 14 days prior to execution.
(d) Quarterly Conflict Report: The Trustee shall prepare a quarterly Conflict of Interest Report listing all disclosed conflicts during the quarter (or stating "no new conflicts" if none), and shall distribute the report to the Protector and all adult Primary Beneficiaries within 30 days of quarter-end.
(e) Material Event Disclosure: Any Conflict of Interest transaction exceeding 5% of Trust Fund value shall be disclosed in writing to the Protector and all adult Primary Beneficiaries within 5 business days of disclosure to the Trustee.
(f) Trustee Affiliate Products: Where the Trustee's affiliates offer products (banking, asset management, insurance, custody) used by the Trust, the Trustee shall disclose the affiliate relationship, the basis of fee or commission earned by the affiliate, and any alternative non-affiliate options considered. Such transactions are subject to (c) and (d) above.
(g) Protector Multi-Role: A Protector who simultaneously serves in any other family-related role (Family Office executive, director of a family business, executor of a related estate, trustee of another family trust) shall maintain a Multi-Role Disclosure Statement updated within 30 days of any change, and shall recuse themselves from any decision where their multi-role gives rise to a Conflict.
(h) Consequences of Breach: Any transaction entered into in breach of this Clause 17 may be (i) declared voidable at the option of an independent court of competent jurisdiction; (ii) subject to disgorgement of any profit earned by the conflicted party; (iii) grounds for removal of the Trustee or Protector under Clauses 6 and 11 respectively.
(i) Cross-Border Reporting Coordination: Where applicable, conflict transactions shall be coordinated with CRS / FATCA / CARF reporting and with the AML / KYC duties of the Trustee and any service providers."

怎么不写(7 种常见错误):

4. 与其他条款的关系

5. 失效场景 / 风险

⚠ 灰色操作披露

实操中存在的灰色做法(本页揭露 · 不提供 how-to):

监管反制与处罚:

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最后更新:2026-05-28 · 编辑部