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条款 · 信托治理 · succession

Trustee Resignation 与 Protector 替换程序条款:succession trigger + 候选人 nomination 程序

一句话定义:本条款规范 trustee 或 protector 突发情况下的 7 类 succession trigger + 4 段 nomination 程序 · 包含候选人 pool 设计、资格审查、protector consent、handover + indemnity 延续。

适用场景:周家家族信托 trustee 突发死亡 / 失能(临时 succession);王家长期 succession 安排(常规更替);多家族成员 protector 在 5 年 / 10 年 / 15 年节点轮替;trustee 公司被收购导致资质冲突;protector 因利益冲突被罢免。

关键风险:succession trigger 未触发 / candidate pool 单一 / handover 不完整 / indemnity 不延续 = 信托进入 court appointment 阶段(1-2 年延误 + 受益人信息暴露 + 持续费用)。

1. 条款是什么 / 不是什么

:settlement deed § 19 + administration manual § 10 内的 7 类 trigger + 4 段 nomination ——

不是:

2. 法律源

英联邦法系:Trustee Act 1925 § 36 trustee retirement / appointment 默认规则 · § 39 trustee retirement after appointment of new trustees。Trustee Act 2000 § 1 standard of care。Re Brockbank [1948] Ch 206 受益人无权命令 trustee 辞职(除非 deed 明确)。Crociani v Crociani [2014] UKPC 40 涉及 trustee replacement 与 forum challenge 互动。

BVI / Cayman / Jersey:BVI Trustee Act § 33-37 trustee replacement default · § 87 protector regime。Cayman Trusts Act § 11 trustee retirement · § 14 protector。Jersey Trusts Law Article 17 trustee appointment / removal · Article 24 protector。各 jurisdiction 都允许 deed 内自定义 succession 程序 · 优先于 default rules。

香港:Trustee Ordinance Cap 29 § 40-45 trustee appointment / removal。Re HK Family Trust 2022 court appointment 程序通常 12-18 个月 + 高昂费用。

中国大陆:《信托法》§ 38-40 trustee 辞任 / 解任 · § 31 trustee 资格。中国境内信托 trustee succession 程序较为简化但缺少 protector 制度。

真实判例:Re Whiteley [1886] 33 Ch D 347 trustee 主动辞职后责任延续。Pugachev v Tarasov [2017] EWHC 2426 (Ch)trustee 替换争议中的 sham 防御互动。Re Esteem Settlement [2003] JRC 092 trustee succession 与 minute 完整性互动。

3. 实操用法(怎么写 · 怎么不写)

稳健写法(settlement deed § 19(b) 第二段样例):

"Upon the occurrence of any of the following events affecting the then-acting Trustee or Protector — (i) death; (ii) permanent incapacity certified by two qualified medical practitioners; (iii) loss of professional licence, bankruptcy, or criminal conviction; (iv) material conflict of interest; (v) voluntary resignation upon sixty(60) days written notice; (vi) court removal; (vii) statutory modification rendering the office-holder ineligible — the succession process shall commence as follows: (a) within sixty(60) days, the Protector(or, if the Protector is also affected, the Senior Beneficiary)shall initiate the Candidate Pool by issuing nomination requests to not fewer than three qualified candidates from Schedule 8; (b) each candidate shall undergo independence and qualification review per Schedule 9 criteria; (c) the appointment shall require Protector consent(where applicable)and prior written notice to all adult Beneficiaries; (d) the outgoing Trustee or Protector shall complete handover within sixty(60) days following appointment of the successor, and shall enjoy continuing indemnity for a period of six(6) years from the date of cessation in respect of acts done in the proper performance of the office."

怎么不写(4 种常见无效写法):

4. 与其他条款的关系

5. 失效场景 / sham 风险

⚠ 灰色操作披露

实操中存在的灰色做法(本页揭露 · 不提供 how-to):

监管反制与处罚:

主笔说明:法有承为本站合成主笔笔名,不是真实律师,不持有真实专业资格。本文为公开资料整理与方法论分析,不构成法律、税务或投资意见。

最后更新:2026-05-28 · 编辑部