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REGULATION Bahamas · Trustee Act 2020-12 通过 · 2021-01 生效 Protector 法定化 最后审阅 · 2026-05-28

Bahamas Trustee Act 2020 修订 · Protector 条款

Trustee Act 1998 of The Bahamas (as amended by Trustee (Amendment) Act 2020) · Sections 81A–81F · Trusts (Choice of Governing Law) Act 1989 · Purpose Trust Act 2004 · Trust (Private Trust Company) Regulations 2007

一位 2018 年在 Bahamas 设立家族信托的客户，trust deed 任命了一位香港律师作为 protector，拥有否决分配 + 撤换 trustee + 加除受益人三大权力。2024 年 settlor 去世后，二代继承人与 protector 因投资方向激烈冲突，protector 拒绝配合更换 trustee。Bahamas Trustee Act 2020 修订（2020-12 通过 · 2021-01 生效）就 protector 法定地位 + fiduciary 义务 + 责任豁免做了系统性立法。继承人能否依新法主张 protector 受信任义务 breach？

Bahamas 是首批以制定法明确 protector 角色的离岸法域之一（早于 Cayman 2020 / BVI 2021 / Jersey 历次修订）。2020 修订前 protector 地位由 trust deed 自定 + 普通法 default · 修订后 protector 有了清晰的法定 fiduciary 类型 default 规则·trust deed 可 opt-out 但需明示。本页梳理 Bahamas 2020 修订就 protector 的核心条款与实务影响。

条款节选 · 关键 quote

Trustee Act 1998 (as amended 2020) Section 81A · Protector 定义
"Protector" means a person who, under the terms of a trust, has a power that is exercisable in connection with the trust, including but not limited to the power to: (a) appoint or remove a trustee; (b) consent to or veto the exercise of any power by a trustee; (c) add to, exclude from, or change the class of beneficiaries; (d) appoint or remove another protector; (e) amend or revoke the trust.
Section 81B · 法定 default — fiduciary character
Unless the terms of the trust provide otherwise, every power conferred on a protector shall be deemed to be a fiduciary power, exercisable for the benefit of the beneficiaries as a whole, and shall be exercised in good faith and with the care, diligence and skill that a prudent person would exercise in the management of his own affairs.
Section 81C · 与 trustee 的关系
A protector shall not be deemed to be a trustee of the trust by reason only of holding a power under the trust. The trustee shall not be liable for any loss arising from the trustee's compliance with a direction or consent given by a protector in the proper exercise of the protector's power, unless the trustee knew or ought reasonably to have known that the protector was acting in breach of the protector's duty.
Section 81D · 责任豁免与限制
The terms of a trust may exclude or restrict the liability of a protector for breach of the protector's duty, except for liability arising from the protector's own actual fraud, willful misconduct, or gross negligence. Any such exclusion or restriction shall be effective only if disclosed in writing to and acknowledged by the settlor at the time of appointment.

适用范围

protector 法定地位与 fiduciary 义务

2020 修订就 protector 法定义务建立了清晰层级：

责任豁免条款

实务影响 · 中国家族

规划方向 + 边界

关联条款 / 判例 cross-link

附录 · 原始来源

立法 / 规范

判例参照

实务参照

页面状态
v2 · doc-style
撰写
法有承
最后审阅
2026-05-28
引用许可
CC BY 4.0