REGULATION 美国 · TCJA 日落 2017 通过 · 2025-12-31 日落 estate + gift + GST 免税额 最后审阅 · 2026-05-28

US TCJA 日落 · 2025 · estate tax 免税额变化

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 § 11061 · IRC § 2010(c)(3)(C) · Treas Reg § 20.2010-1(c) anti-clawback final regulation 2019 · IRS Rev Proc 2024-40 inflation adjustment

一位中国移民美国的客户 2017 年取得美国绿卡,名下美股 + 加州住宅 + 美国 LLC 持股的总资产 USD 19M。她以为美国 estate tax 免税额永远是"高额"的——直到 2025 年家族 CFO 提醒:TCJA 临时双倍化条款将于 2025-12-31 日落,2026-01-01 起 unified credit 回到 2017 年水平(约 USD 6.99M 通胀调整后),免税额几乎砍半。她的疑问是:还能利用 2025 年内的"高额免税"做一次性赠与吗?已用掉的免税额未来会被追溯吗?

TCJA § 11061 自 2018-01-01 起将 IRC § 2010(c)(3) 的 basic exclusion amount 从 USD 5M(2010 立法基准)双倍化为 USD 10M(同样以 2010 美元计价 · 经通胀调整),但仅适用至 2025-12-31。2026-01-01 起,免税额自动回到 USD 5M 通胀调整基准。本页梳理 TCJA 日落对 estate / gift / GST 三税免税额的影响,以及 IRS 已发布的 anti-clawback 救济适用条件。

条款节选 · 关键 quote

TCJA § 11061(a) · 双倍化条款
Section 2010(c)(3) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: "(C) Increase in basic exclusion amount.—In the case of estates of decedents dying or gifts made after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026, subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting '$10,000,000' for '$5,000,000'."
IRC § 2010(c)(3) · 基本排除额定义
For purposes of this subsection, the basic exclusion amount is $5,000,000. In the case of any decedent dying in a calendar year after 2011, the dollar amount in subparagraph (A) shall be increased by an amount equal to such dollar amount multiplied by the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for such calendar year ······
Treas Reg § 20.2010-1(c) · anti-clawback 规则要点
If the total of the amounts allowable as a credit in computing the gift tax payable on the decedent's post-1976 gifts ······ exceeds the credit allowable in computing the estate tax ······ then the credit allowable in computing the estate tax is the sum of the amounts allowable as a credit in computing the gift tax payable on the decedent's post-1976 gifts. The IRS will not claw back the increased exclusion amount used during the increased exclusion period.
IRS Rev Proc 2024-40 · 2025 年通胀调整数字
For estates of decedents dying and gifts made in calendar year 2025, the basic exclusion amount is $13,990,000. Note: For decedents dying and gifts made on or after January 1, 2026, the basic exclusion amount will revert to $5,000,000 indexed for inflation from 2010, projected to be approximately $6,990,000.

适用范围

免税额数字与回落幅度

anti-clawback 救济条款

Treas Reg § 20.2010-1(c) 于 2019-11 最终发布 · 解决"2018–2025 用掉高额免税 · 2026 死亡时是否被追溯"问题:

实务影响 · 中国移民美籍家族

规划方向 + 边界

关联条款 / 判例 cross-link

附录 · 原始来源

立法 / 规范

实务参照