REGULATION 美国 · 国内税法典 IRC § 2801 2025-01 Final Regulations 最后审阅 · 2026-05-27

IRC § 2801 · 弃籍人后续转移税

Internal Revenue Code Section 2801 · Imposition of tax on gifts and bequests from covered expatriates · 2008 HEART Act 引入 · Final Regs T.D. 9988 · 2025-01-14 公布 · 2025-01-01 起追溯适用

一位 1990 年代取得美籍 + 2010 年放弃美籍的上海客户 · 弃籍时是 covered expatriate · 已按 § 877A 缴纳 exit tax · 自己以为"和美国税务彻底告别"。2024 年她考虑把约 3000 万美元转给自己的女儿(女儿是美籍 + 在美国工作)。她想:自己现在是中国公民 + 中国税务居民 + 美国对外国人的赠与税本来对非美国境内资产是免税的 → 这笔转移应该没有美国税务问题。她的美国会计师告诉她:"你是 covered expatriate · 你的女儿是 US person · 你给她的这笔赠与按 IRC § 2801 触发 → 由你女儿缴纳 40% 联邦赠与税 + IRS 2025 final regs 已经明确实施细节 + 2025-01 起追溯适用。" 她当时震惊:原来弃籍 14 年后仍然要面对美国税务。

IRC § 2801 是美国 2008 HEART Act 引入的"反弃籍套利"机制——防止 covered expatriate(按 § 877A 已交 exit tax)后续通过赠与 / 遗赠把财富低税转移给美国居民 / 公民。本规则原立法 2008 年通过 + 一直没有 final regulations · IRS 2015 年发布 proposed regs · 2025-01 终于发布 final regulations (T.D. 9988) + 追溯适用 2008 年以来的所有弃籍人赠与 / 遗赠。这条规则在中国 HNW 客户中长期被忽略——但 2025 final regs 让它"沉睡 17 年后突然激活"。

条款节选 · 关键 quote

IRC § 2801(a) · 征税触发
If, during any calendar year, any United States citizen or resident receives any covered gift or bequest, there is hereby imposed a tax equal to the product of (1) the highest rate of tax specified in the table contained in section 2001(c) [40% in 2026] as in effect on the date of receipt ... and (2) the value of such covered gift or bequest.
IRC § 2801(e) · 定义 covered gift / bequest
The term "covered gift or bequest" means (A) any property acquired by gift directly or indirectly from an individual who, at the time of such acquisition, is a covered expatriate, and (B) any property acquired directly or indirectly by reason of the death of an individual who, immediately before such death, was a covered expatriate.
2025 Final Regs T.D. 9988 · 实施要点
The tax under section 2801 is imposed on the U.S. recipient. Reporting on Form 708. The tax applies to covered gifts and bequests received from a covered expatriate at any time after the expatriation, with no statute of limitations on the underlying expatriation status. The regulations are effective for covered gifts and bequests received on or after January 1, 2025, with reporting deferred for pre-2025 receipts to allow IRS form release.

适用范围

2025 Final Regs 关键变化

T.D. 9988 在 17 年长跑后落地,明确了多项 proposed regs 中模糊的点:

实务影响 · 中国家族

对中国 HNW 客户的具体影响场景:

规划方向 + 边界

关联条款 / 判例 cross-link

附录 · 原始来源

立法 / 规范

实务参照